doc/html/pcrecompat.html

<html>
<head>
<title>pcrecompat specification</title>
</head>
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This HTML document has been generated automatically from the original man page.
If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the man page, in case the
conversion went wrong.<br>
<ul>
<li><a name="TOC1" href="#SEC1">DIFFERENCES FROM PERL</a>
</ul>
<br><a name="SEC1" href="#TOC1">DIFFERENCES FROM PERL</a><br>
<P>
This document describes the differences in the ways that PCRE and Perl handle
regular expressions. The differences described here are with respect to Perl
5.8.
</P>
<P>
1. PCRE does not have full UTF-8 support. Details of what it does have are
given in the
<a href="pcre.html#utf8support">section on UTF-8 support</a>
in the main
<a href="pcre.html"><b>pcre</b></a>
page.
</P>
<P>
2. PCRE does not allow repeat quantifiers on lookahead assertions. Perl permits
them, but they do not mean what you might think. For example, (?!a){3} does
not assert that the next three characters are not "a". It just asserts that the
next character is not "a" three times.
</P>
<P>
3. Capturing subpatterns that occur inside negative lookahead assertions are
counted, but their entries in the offsets vector are never set. Perl sets its
numerical variables from any such patterns that are matched before the
assertion fails to match something (thereby succeeding), but only if the
negative lookahead assertion contains just one branch.
</P>
<P>
4. Though binary zero characters are supported in the subject string, they are
not allowed in a pattern string because it is passed as a normal C string,
terminated by zero. The escape sequence "\0" can be used in the pattern to
represent a binary zero.
</P>
<P>
5. The following Perl escape sequences are not supported: \l, \u, \L,
\U, \P, \p, \N, and \X. In fact these are implemented by Perl's general
string-handling and are not part of its pattern matching engine. If any of
these are encountered by PCRE, an error is generated.
</P>
<P>
6. PCRE does support the \Q...\E escape for quoting substrings. Characters in
between are treated as literals. This is slightly different from Perl in that $
and @ are also handled as literals inside the quotes. In Perl, they cause
variable interpolation (but of course PCRE does not have variables). Note the
following examples:
</P>
<P>
<pre>
    Pattern            PCRE matches      Perl matches
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
<pre>
    \Qabc$xyz\E        abc$xyz           abc followed by the
                                           contents of $xyz
    \Qabc\$xyz\E       abc\$xyz          abc\$xyz
    \Qabc\E\$\Qxyz\E   abc$xyz           abc$xyz
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
The \Q...\E sequence is recognized both inside and outside character classes.
</P>
<P>
7. Fairly obviously, PCRE does not support the (?{code}) and (?p{code})
constructions. However, there is some experimental support for recursive
patterns using the non-Perl items (?R), (?number) and (?P&#62;name). Also, the PCRE
"callout" feature allows an external function to be called during pattern
matching.
</P>
<P>
8. There are some differences that are concerned with the settings of captured
strings when part of a pattern is repeated. For example, matching "aba" against
the pattern /^(a(b)?)+$/ in Perl leaves $2 unset, but in PCRE it is set to "b".
</P>
<P>
9. PCRE provides some extensions to the Perl regular expression facilities:
</P>
<P>
(a) Although lookbehind assertions must match fixed length strings, each
alternative branch of a lookbehind assertion can match a different length of
string. Perl requires them all to have the same length.
</P>
<P>
(b) If PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY is set and PCRE_MULTILINE is not set, the $
meta-character matches only at the very end of the string.
</P>
<P>
&copy; If PCRE_EXTRA is set, a backslash followed by a letter with no special
meaning is faulted.
</P>
<P>
(d) If PCRE_UNGREEDY is set, the greediness of the repetition quantifiers is
inverted, that is, by default they are not greedy, but if followed by a
question mark they are.
</P>
<P>
(e) PCRE_ANCHORED can be used to force a pattern to be tried only at the first
matching position in the subject string.
</P>
<P>
(f) The PCRE_NOTBOL, PCRE_NOTEOL, PCRE_NOTEMPTY, and PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE
options for <b>pcre_exec()</b> have no Perl equivalents.
</P>
<P>
(g) The (?R), (?number), and (?P&#62;name) constructs allows for recursive pattern
matching (Perl can do this using the (?p{code}) construct, which PCRE cannot
support.)
</P>
<P>
(h) PCRE supports named capturing substrings, using the Python syntax.
</P>
<P>
(i) PCRE supports the possessive quantifier "++" syntax, taken from Sun's Java
package.
</P>
<P>
(j) The (R) condition, for testing recursion, is a PCRE extension.
</P>
<P>
(k) The callout facility is PCRE-specific.
</P>
<P>
Last updated: 09 December 2003
<br>
Copyright &copy; 1997-2003 University of Cambridge.
1	nigel	63	<html>
2			<head>
3			<title>pcrecompat specification</title>
4			</head>
5			<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#00005A" link="#0066FF" alink="#3399FF" vlink="#2222BB">
6			This HTML document has been generated automatically from the original man page.
7			If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the man page, in case the
8			conversion went wrong.<br>
9			<ul>
10			<li><a name="TOC1" href="#SEC1">DIFFERENCES FROM PERL</a>
11			</ul>
12			<br><a name="SEC1" href="#TOC1">DIFFERENCES FROM PERL</a><br>
13			<P>
14			This document describes the differences in the ways that PCRE and Perl handle
15			regular expressions. The differences described here are with respect to Perl
16			5.8.
17			</P>
18			<P>
19	nigel	73	1. PCRE does not have full UTF-8 support. Details of what it does have are
20			given in the
21			<a href="pcre.html#utf8support">section on UTF-8 support</a>
22			in the main
23			<a href="pcre.html"><b>pcre</b></a>
24			page.
25			</P>
26			<P>
27			2. PCRE does not allow repeat quantifiers on lookahead assertions. Perl permits
28	nigel	63	them, but they do not mean what you might think. For example, (?!a){3} does
29			not assert that the next three characters are not "a". It just asserts that the
30			next character is not "a" three times.
31			</P>
32			<P>
33	nigel	73	3. Capturing subpatterns that occur inside negative lookahead assertions are
34	nigel	63	counted, but their entries in the offsets vector are never set. Perl sets its
35			numerical variables from any such patterns that are matched before the
36			assertion fails to match something (thereby succeeding), but only if the
37			negative lookahead assertion contains just one branch.
38			</P>
39			<P>
40	nigel	73	4. Though binary zero characters are supported in the subject string, they are
41	nigel	63	not allowed in a pattern string because it is passed as a normal C string,
42			terminated by zero. The escape sequence "\0" can be used in the pattern to
43			represent a binary zero.
44			</P>
45			<P>
46	nigel	73	5. The following Perl escape sequences are not supported: \l, \u, \L,
47	nigel	63	\U, \P, \p, \N, and \X. In fact these are implemented by Perl's general
48			string-handling and are not part of its pattern matching engine. If any of
49			these are encountered by PCRE, an error is generated.
50			</P>
51			<P>
52	nigel	73	6. PCRE does support the \Q...\E escape for quoting substrings. Characters in
53	nigel	63	between are treated as literals. This is slightly different from Perl in that $
54			and @ are also handled as literals inside the quotes. In Perl, they cause
55			variable interpolation (but of course PCRE does not have variables). Note the
56			following examples:
57			</P>
58			<P>
59			<pre>
60			Pattern PCRE matches Perl matches
61			</PRE>
62			</P>
63			<P>
64			<pre>
65			\Qabc$xyz\E abc$xyz abc followed by the
66			contents of $xyz
67			\Qabc\$xyz\E abc\$xyz abc\$xyz
68			\Qabc\E\$\Qxyz\E abc$xyz abc$xyz
69			</PRE>
70			</P>
71			<P>
72	nigel	73	The \Q...\E sequence is recognized both inside and outside character classes.
73	nigel	63	</P>
74			<P>
75	nigel	73	7. Fairly obviously, PCRE does not support the (?{code}) and (?p{code})
76	nigel	63	constructions. However, there is some experimental support for recursive
77			patterns using the non-Perl items (?R), (?number) and (?P>name). Also, the PCRE
78			"callout" feature allows an external function to be called during pattern
79			matching.
80			</P>
81			<P>
82	nigel	73	8. There are some differences that are concerned with the settings of captured
83	nigel	63	strings when part of a pattern is repeated. For example, matching "aba" against
84			the pattern /^(a(b)?)+$/ in Perl leaves $2 unset, but in PCRE it is set to "b".
85			</P>
86			<P>
87	nigel	73	9. PCRE provides some extensions to the Perl regular expression facilities:
88	nigel	63	</P>
89			<P>
90			(a) Although lookbehind assertions must match fixed length strings, each
91			alternative branch of a lookbehind assertion can match a different length of
92			string. Perl requires them all to have the same length.
93			</P>
94			<P>
95			(b) If PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY is set and PCRE_MULTILINE is not set, the $
96			meta-character matches only at the very end of the string.
97			</P>
98			<P>
99			© If PCRE_EXTRA is set, a backslash followed by a letter with no special
100			meaning is faulted.
101			</P>
102			<P>
103			(d) If PCRE_UNGREEDY is set, the greediness of the repetition quantifiers is
104			inverted, that is, by default they are not greedy, but if followed by a
105			question mark they are.
106			</P>
107			<P>
108			(e) PCRE_ANCHORED can be used to force a pattern to be tried only at the first
109			matching position in the subject string.
110			</P>
111			<P>
112			(f) The PCRE_NOTBOL, PCRE_NOTEOL, PCRE_NOTEMPTY, and PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE
113			options for <b>pcre_exec()</b> have no Perl equivalents.
114			</P>
115			<P>
116			(g) The (?R), (?number), and (?P>name) constructs allows for recursive pattern
117			matching (Perl can do this using the (?p{code}) construct, which PCRE cannot
118			support.)
119			</P>
120			<P>
121			(h) PCRE supports named capturing substrings, using the Python syntax.
122			</P>
123			<P>
124			(i) PCRE supports the possessive quantifier "++" syntax, taken from Sun's Java
125			package.
126			</P>
127			<P>
128			(j) The (R) condition, for testing recursion, is a PCRE extension.
129			</P>
130			<P>
131			(k) The callout facility is PCRE-specific.
132			</P>
133			<P>
134	nigel	73	Last updated: 09 December 2003
135	nigel	63	<br>
136			Copyright © 1997-2003 University of Cambridge.