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Compiling PCRE on non-Unix systems
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----------------------------------
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This document contains the following sections:
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General
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Generic instructions for the PCRE C library
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The C++ wrapper functions
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Building for virtual Pascal
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Stack size in Windows environments
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Linking programs in Windows environments
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Comments about Win32 builds
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Building PCRE on Windows with CMake
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Use of relative paths with CMake on Windows
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Testing with runtest.bat
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Building under Windows with BCC5.5
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Building PCRE on OpenVMS
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GENERAL
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I (Philip Hazel) have no experience of Windows or VMS sytems and how their
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libraries work. The items in the PCRE distribution and Makefile that relate to
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anything other than Unix-like systems are untested by me.
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There are some other comments and files in the Contrib directory on the ftp
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site that you may find useful. See
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ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/Contrib
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If you want to compile PCRE for a non-Unix system (especially for a system that
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does not support "configure" and "make" files), note that the basic PCRE
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library consists entirely of code written in Standard C, and so should compile
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successfully on any system that has a Standard C compiler and library. The C++
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wrapper functions are a separate issue (see below).
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The PCRE distribution includes a "configure" file for use by the Configure/Make
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build system, as found in many Unix-like environments. There is also support
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support for CMake, which some users prefer, in particular in Windows
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environments. There are some instructions for CMake under Windows in the
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section entitled "Building PCRE with CMake" below. CMake can also be used to
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build PCRE in Unix-like systems.
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GENERIC INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PCRE C LIBRARY
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The following are generic comments about building the PCRE C library "by hand".
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(1) Copy or rename the file config.h.generic as config.h, and edit the macro
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settings that it contains to whatever is appropriate for your environment.
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In particular, if you want to force a specific value for newline, you can
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define the NEWLINE macro. When you compile any of the PCRE modules, you
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must specify -DHAVE_CONFIG_H to your compiler so that config.h is included
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in the sources.
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An alternative approach is not to edit config.h, but to use -D on the
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compiler command line to make any changes that you need to the
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configuration options. In this case -DHAVE_CONFIG_H must not be set.
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NOTE: There have been occasions when the way in which certain parameters
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in config.h are used has changed between releases. (In the configure/make
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world, this is handled automatically.) When upgrading to a new release,
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you are strongly advised to review config.h.generic before re-using what
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you had previously.
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(2) Copy or rename the file pcre.h.generic as pcre.h.
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(3) EITHER:
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Copy or rename file pcre_chartables.c.dist as pcre_chartables.c.
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OR:
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Compile dftables.c as a stand-alone program (using -DHAVE_CONFIG_H if
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you have set up config.h), and then run it with the single argument
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"pcre_chartables.c". This generates a set of standard character tables
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and writes them to that file. The tables are generated using the default
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C locale for your system. If you want to use a locale that is specified
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by LC_xxx environment variables, add the -L option to the dftables
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command. You must use this method if you are building on a system that
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uses EBCDIC code.
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The tables in pcre_chartables.c are defaults. The caller of PCRE can
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specify alternative tables at run time.
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(4) Ensure that you have the following header files:
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pcre_internal.h
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ucp.h
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ucpinternal.h
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ucptable.h
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(5) Also ensure that you have the following file, which is #included as source
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when building a debugging version of PCRE, and is also used by pcretest.
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pcre_printint.src
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(6) Compile the following source files, setting -DHAVE_CONFIG_H as a compiler
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option if you have set up config.h with your configuration, or else use
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other -D settings to change the configuration as required.
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pcre_chartables.c
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pcre_compile.c
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pcre_config.c
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pcre_dfa_exec.c
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pcre_exec.c
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pcre_fullinfo.c
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pcre_get.c
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pcre_globals.c
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pcre_info.c
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pcre_maketables.c
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pcre_newline.c
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pcre_ord2utf8.c
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pcre_refcount.c
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pcre_study.c
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pcre_tables.c
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pcre_try_flipped.c
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pcre_ucp_searchfuncs.c
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pcre_valid_utf8.c
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pcre_version.c
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pcre_xclass.c
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Make sure that you include -I. in the compiler command (or equivalent for
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an unusual compiler) so that all included PCRE header files are first
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sought in the current directory. Otherwise you run the risk of picking up
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a previously-installed file from somewhere else.
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(7) Now link all the compiled code into an object library in whichever form
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your system keeps such libraries. This is the basic PCRE C library. If
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your system has static and shared libraries, you may have to do this once
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for each type.
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(8) Similarly, compile pcreposix.c (remembering -DHAVE_CONFIG_H if necessary)
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and link the result (on its own) as the pcreposix library.
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(9) Compile the test program pcretest.c (again, don't forget -DHAVE_CONFIG_H).
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This needs the functions in the pcre and pcreposix libraries when linking.
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It also needs the pcre_printint.src source file, which it #includes.
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(10) Run pcretest on the testinput files in the testdata directory, and check
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that the output matches the corresponding testoutput files. Note that the
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supplied files are in Unix format, with just LF characters as line
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terminators. You may need to edit them to change this if your system uses
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a different convention. If you are using Windows, you probably should use
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the wintestinput3 file instead of testinput3 (and the corresponding output
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file). This is a locale test; wintestinput3 sets the locale to "french"
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rather than "fr_FR", and there some minor output differences.
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(11) If you want to use the pcregrep command, compile and link pcregrep.c; it
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uses only the basic PCRE library (it does not need the pcreposix library).
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THE C++ WRAPPER FUNCTIONS
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The PCRE distribution also contains some C++ wrapper functions and tests,
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contributed by Google Inc. On a system that can use "configure" and "make",
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the functions are automatically built into a library called pcrecpp. It should
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be straightforward to compile the .cc files manually on other systems. The
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files called xxx_unittest.cc are test programs for each of the corresponding
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xxx.cc files.
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BUILDING FOR VIRTUAL PASCAL
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A script for building PCRE using Borland's C++ compiler for use with VPASCAL
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was contributed by Alexander Tokarev. Stefan Weber updated the script and added
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additional files. The following files in the distribution are for building PCRE
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for use with VP/Borland: makevp_c.txt, makevp_l.txt, makevp.bat, pcregexp.pas.
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STACK SIZE IN WINDOWS ENVIRONMENTS
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The default processor stack size of 1Mb in some Windows environments is too
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small for matching patterns that need much recursion. In particular, test 2 may
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fail because of this. Normally, running out of stack causes a crash, but there
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have been cases where the test program has just died silently. See your linker
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documentation for how to increase stack size if you experience problems. The
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Linux default of 8Mb is a reasonable choice for the stack, though even that can
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be too small for some pattern/subject combinations.
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PCRE has a compile configuration option to disable the use of stack for
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recursion so that heap is used instead. However, pattern matching is
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significantly slower when this is done. There is more about stack usage in the
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"pcrestack" documentation.
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LINKING PROGRAMS IN WINDOWS ENVIRONMENTS
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If you want to statically link a program against a PCRE library in the form of
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a non-dll .a file, you must define PCRE_STATIC before including pcre.h,
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otherwise the pcre_malloc() and pcre_free() exported functions will be declared
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__declspec(dllimport), with unwanted results.
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CALLING CONVENTIONS IN WINDOWS ENVIRONMENTS
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It is possible to compile programs to use different calling conventions using
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MSVC. Search the web for "calling conventions" for more information. To make it
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easier to change the calling convention for the exported functions in the
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PCRE library, the macro PCRE_CALL_CONVENTION is present in all the external
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definitions. It can be set externally when compiling (e.g. in CFLAGS). If it is
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not set, it defaults to empty; the default calling convention is then used
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(which is what is wanted most of the time).
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COMMENTS ABOUT WIN32 BUILDS (see also "BUILDING PCRE WITH CMAKE" below)
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There are two ways of building PCRE using the "configure, make, make install"
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paradigm on Windows systems: using MinGW or using Cygwin. These are not at all
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the same thing; they are completely different from each other. There is also
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support for building using CMake, which some users find a more straightforward
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way of building PCRE under Windows. However, the tests are not run
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automatically when CMake is used.
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The MinGW home page (http://www.mingw.org/) says this:
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MinGW: A collection of freely available and freely distributable Windows
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specific header files and import libraries combined with GNU toolsets that
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allow one to produce native Windows programs that do not rely on any
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3rd-party C runtime DLLs.
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The Cygwin home page (http://www.cygwin.com/) says this:
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Cygwin is a Linux-like environment for Windows. It consists of two parts:
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. A DLL (cygwin1.dll) which acts as a Linux API emulation layer providing
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substantial Linux API functionality
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. A collection of tools which provide Linux look and feel.
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The Cygwin DLL currently works with all recent, commercially released x86 32
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bit and 64 bit versions of Windows, with the exception of Windows CE.
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On both MinGW and Cygwin, PCRE should build correctly using:
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./configure && make && make install
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This should create two libraries called libpcre and libpcreposix, and, if you
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have enabled building the C++ wrapper, a third one called libpcrecpp. These are
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independent libraries: when you like with libpcreposix or libpcrecpp you must
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also link with libpcre, which contains the basic functions. (Some earlier
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releases of PCRE included the basic libpcre functions in libpcreposix. This no
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longer happens.)
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A user submitted a special-purpose patch that makes it easy to create
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"pcre.dll" under mingw32 using the "msys" environment. It provides "pcre.dll"
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as a special target. If you use this target, no other files are built, and in
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particular, the pcretest and pcregrep programs are not built. An example of how
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this might be used is:
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./configure --enable-utf --disable-cpp CFLAGS="-03 -s"; make pcre.dll
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Using Cygwin's compiler generates libraries and executables that depend on
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cygwin1.dll. If a library that is generated this way is distributed,
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cygwin1.dll has to be distributed as well. Since cygwin1.dll is under the GPL
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licence, this forces not only PCRE to be under the GPL, but also the entire
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application. A distributor who wants to keep their own code proprietary must
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purchase an appropriate Cygwin licence.
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MinGW has no such restrictions. The MinGW compiler generates a library or
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executable that can run standalone on Windows without any third party dll or
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licensing issues.
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But there is more complication:
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If a Cygwin user uses the -mno-cygwin Cygwin gcc flag, what that really does is
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to tell Cygwin's gcc to use the MinGW gcc. Cygwin's gcc is only acting as a
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front end to MinGW's gcc (if you install Cygwin's gcc, you get both Cygwin's
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gcc and MinGW's gcc). So, a user can:
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. Build native binaries by using MinGW or by getting Cygwin and using
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-mno-cygwin.
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. Build binaries that depend on cygwin1.dll by using Cygwin with the normal
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compiler flags.
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The test files that are supplied with PCRE are in Unix format, with LF
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characters as line terminators. It may be necessary to change the line
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terminators in order to get some of the tests to work. We hope to improve
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things in this area in future.
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BUILDING PCRE ON WINDOWS WITH CMAKE
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CMake is an alternative build facility that can be used instead of the
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traditional Unix "configure". CMake version 2.4.7 supports Borland makefiles,
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MinGW makefiles, MSYS makefiles, NMake makefiles, UNIX makefiles, Visual Studio
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6, Visual Studio 7, Visual Studio 8, and Watcom W8. The following instructions
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were contributed by a PCRE user.
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1. Download CMake 2.4.7 or above from http://www.cmake.org/, install and ensure
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that cmake\bin is on your path.
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2. Unzip (retaining folder structure) the PCRE source tree into a source
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directory such as C:\pcre.
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3. Create a new, empty build directory: C:\pcre\build\
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4. Run CMakeSetup from the Shell envirornment of your build tool, e.g., Msys
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for Msys/MinGW or Visual Studio Command Prompt for VC/VC++
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5. Enter C:\pcre\pcre-xx and C:\pcre\build for the source and build
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directories, respectively
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6. Hit the "Configure" button.
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7. Select the particular IDE / build tool that you are using (Visual Studio,
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MSYS makefiles, MinGW makefiles, etc.)
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8. The GUI will then list several configuration options. This is where you can
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enable UTF-8 support, etc.
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9. Hit "Configure" again. The adjacent "OK" button should now be active.
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10. Hit "OK".
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11. The build directory should now contain a usable build system, be it a
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solution file for Visual Studio, makefiles for MinGW, etc.
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USE OF RELATIVE PATHS WITH CMAKE ON WINDOWS
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A PCRE user comments as follows:
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I thought that others may want to know the current state of
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CMAKE_USE_RELATIVE_PATHS support on Windows.
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Here it is:
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-- AdditionalIncludeDirectories is only partially modified (only the
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first path - see below)
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-- Only some of the contained file paths are modified - shown below for
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pcre.vcproj
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-- It properly modifies
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I am sure CMake people can fix that if they want to. Until then one will
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need to replace existing absolute paths in project files with relative
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paths manually (e.g. from VS) - relative to project file location. I did
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just that before being told to try CMAKE_USE_RELATIVE_PATHS. Not a big
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deal.
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AdditionalIncludeDirectories="E:\builds\pcre\build;E:\builds\pcre\pcre-7.5;"
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AdditionalIncludeDirectories=".;E:\builds\pcre\pcre-7.5;"
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| 342 |
RelativePath="pcre.h">
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RelativePath="pcre_chartables.c">
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RelativePath="pcre_chartables.c.rule">
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TESTING WITH RUNTEST.BAT
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1. Copy RunTest.bat into the directory where pcretest.exe has been created.
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2. Edit RunTest.bat and insert a line that indentifies the relative location of
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the pcre source, e.g.:
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set srcdir=..\pcre-7.4-RC3
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3. Run RunTest.bat from a command shell environment. Test outputs will
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automatically be compared to expected results, and discrepancies will
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identified in the console output.
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| 360 |
4. To test pcrecpp, run pcrecpp_unittest.exe, pcre_stringpiece_unittest.exe and
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pcre_scanner_unittest.exe.
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BUILDING UNDER WINDOWS WITH BCC5.5
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| 366 |
Michael Roy sent these comments about building PCRE under Windows with BCC5.5:
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| 368 |
Some of the core BCC libraries have a version of PCRE from 1998 built in,
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| 369 |
which can lead to pcre_exec() giving an erroneous PCRE_ERROR_NULL from a
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| 370 |
version mismatch. I'm including an easy workaround below, if you'd like to
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include it in the non-unix instructions:
|
| 372 |
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| 373 |
When linking a project with BCC5.5, pcre.lib must be included before any of
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the libraries cw32.lib, cw32i.lib, cw32mt.lib, and cw32mti.lib on the command
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line.
|
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BUILDING PCRE ON OPENVMS
|
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| 380 |
Dan Mooney sent the following comments about building PCRE on OpenVMS. They
|
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relate to an older version of PCRE that used fewer source files, so the exact
|
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commands will need changing. See the current list of source files above.
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"It was quite easy to compile and link the library. I don't have a formal
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make file but the attached file [reproduced below] contains the OpenVMS DCL
|
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commands I used to build the library. I had to add #define
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POSIX_MALLOC_THRESHOLD 10 to pcre.h since it was not defined anywhere.
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The library was built on:
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O/S: HP OpenVMS v7.3-1
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Compiler: Compaq C v6.5-001-48BCD
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Linker: vA13-01
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The test results did not match 100% due to the issues you mention in your
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documentation regarding isprint(), iscntrl(), isgraph() and ispunct(). I
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modified some of the character tables temporarily and was able to get the
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results to match. Tests using the fr locale did not match since I don't have
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that locale loaded. The study size was always reported to be 3 less than the
|
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value in the standard test output files."
|
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=========================
|
| 402 |
$! This DCL procedure builds PCRE on OpenVMS
|
| 403 |
$!
|
| 404 |
$! I followed the instructions in the non-unix-use file in the distribution.
|
| 405 |
$!
|
| 406 |
$ COMPILE == "CC/LIST/NOMEMBER_ALIGNMENT/PREFIX_LIBRARY_ENTRIES=ALL_ENTRIES
|
| 407 |
$ COMPILE DFTABLES.C
|
| 408 |
$ LINK/EXE=DFTABLES.EXE DFTABLES.OBJ
|
| 409 |
$ RUN DFTABLES.EXE/OUTPUT=CHARTABLES.C
|
| 410 |
$ COMPILE MAKETABLES.C
|
| 411 |
$ COMPILE GET.C
|
| 412 |
$ COMPILE STUDY.C
|
| 413 |
$! I had to set POSIX_MALLOC_THRESHOLD to 10 in PCRE.H since the symbol
|
| 414 |
$! did not seem to be defined anywhere.
|
| 415 |
$! I edited pcre.h and added #DEFINE SUPPORT_UTF8 to enable UTF8 support.
|
| 416 |
$ COMPILE PCRE.C
|
| 417 |
$ LIB/CREATE PCRE MAKETABLES.OBJ, GET.OBJ, STUDY.OBJ, PCRE.OBJ
|
| 418 |
$! I had to set POSIX_MALLOC_THRESHOLD to 10 in PCRE.H since the symbol
|
| 419 |
$! did not seem to be defined anywhere.
|
| 420 |
$ COMPILE PCREPOSIX.C
|
| 421 |
$ LIB/CREATE PCREPOSIX PCREPOSIX.OBJ
|
| 422 |
$ COMPILE PCRETEST.C
|
| 423 |
$ LINK/EXE=PCRETEST.EXE PCRETEST.OBJ, PCRE/LIB, PCREPOSIX/LIB
|
| 424 |
$! C programs that want access to command line arguments must be
|
| 425 |
$! defined as a symbol
|
| 426 |
$ PCRETEST :== "$ SYS$ROADSUSERS:[DMOONEY.REGEXP]PCRETEST.EXE"
|
| 427 |
$! Arguments must be enclosed in quotes.
|
| 428 |
$ PCRETEST "-C"
|
| 429 |
$! Test results:
|
| 430 |
$!
|
| 431 |
$! The test results did not match 100%. The functions isprint(), iscntrl(),
|
| 432 |
$! isgraph() and ispunct() on OpenVMS must not produce the same results
|
| 433 |
$! as the system that built the test output files provided with the
|
| 434 |
$! distribution.
|
| 435 |
$!
|
| 436 |
$! The study size did not match and was always 3 less on OpenVMS.
|
| 437 |
$!
|
| 438 |
$! Locale could not be set to fr
|
| 439 |
$!
|
| 440 |
=========================
|
| 441 |
|
| 442 |
Last Updated: 09 July 2008
|
| 443 |
****
|